Maybe you are out of memory? DOLFIN should be able to cope with very large meshes, up to 2 billion per node at least, 16 million is not too big.
Memory usage can grow enormously for hard 3D problems, such as elasticity, and the mesh
is probably not the biggest consumer of memory, but the assembled matrix and the solver probably use much more.
You may need to run in parallel, on a distributed memory machine for really big problems.
We have tested up to 12 billion nodes in parallel.